Sunlight can do more than just light up your day. It can also power homes and even run entire factories. But how? The answer lies in small but powerful photovoltaic panels. These panels contain many tiny units called PV cells. But how do these little cells turn into powerhouses? Do you also want to know how PV panels work and what actually happens inside them? Let’s explore.
What is a Solar PV Panel?
So, before understanding how PV panels work let us understand the term.
A solar PV (photovoltaic) panel is a device that transforms sunlight directly into electrical energy. It is an assembly of solar cells, commonly referred to as photovoltaic cells, connected together to create a bigger unit. Panels allow us to obtain clean energy without depending on fuels or producing smoke
How do PV Panels Work?
A PV panel, also called a solar panel, turns sunlight into electricity. It is made up of many small cells. To understand how PV panels work, it will be essential to first understand how a PV cell works. These cells are built from a special material called a semiconductor, like silicon.
When sunlight hits the cell, it makes the tiny particles (electrons) inside move around. When sunlight reaches the cell, it causes the small particles (electrons) within to move. This movement of electrons is referred to as electricity. The produced direct current (DC) electricity is subsequently directed to an inverter. It transforms direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) electricity—the practical form for different uses.
You can use it right away or store it in batteries for later. PV panels still work when it’s cloudy, but they give less power. These panels help you use the sun’s energy for free. Plus, they are good for the environment and save money. Using PV panels is like having your mini power station.
Components of Solar PV System
Solar panels require the following components to work effectively:
Photovoltaic modules
As discussed above, photovoltaic panels are the essential elements of a solar PV system. They collect sunlight and convert it into electricity through solar cells. These modules are assembled to create panels. When sunlight strikes them, they generate clean energy for your home, school, or business. They assist in saving money and safeguarding the environment
Support structures of the modules
Support structures make sure your solar panels stay strong and secure. They keep panels steady even in strong winds or rain. Roof-mounted supports tilt the panels to maximise sunlight exposure. This improves energy production and makes the system work more efficiently all year.
Inverter
An inverter is like a translator for your solar system. It changes the DC electricity made by solar panels into the type your home or business can use (AC). It also has safety features that shut it off when there is a problem, keeping your system and appliances safe.
Electric cables
Electric cables are the parts that move electricity from your solar panel to your house or building. They carry the electricity from the panels to where it is needed. Good cables are important for smooth energy flow and to make sure your system works well every day without any interruption.
PV System Applications
Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight into electricity, helping power homes, businesses, and remote places. They generate electricity during the day, and when combined with batteries, can store energy for later use. Because they are flexible and eco-friendly, PV systems are a great choice for both small personal uses and big community needs. Let us look at some of the applications of PV systems:
- Powering small devices like fans or lights
- Charging batteries for use when the sun is not shining
- Running water pumps, in farms or remote areas
- Providing electricity in places without power lines
- Excess power can be sent to the local utility grid, supporting net metering systems
- Lighting up remote homes, schools, and clinics
- Supports backup power systems to maintain essential services during outages
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FAQs
What is the efficiency of PV?
PV panel efficiency refers to how much sunlight it can turn into electricity. Most panels today work at around 15 to 22% efficiency.
How does the PV formula work?
To know how much electricity a PV panel makes, we use a simple formula: sunlight * panel size * efficiency = power output.
What is the full name of a PV panel?
The full name of A PV panel is photovoltaic panel. It is called this because it turns light (photo) into electricity (voltaic).
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